Deepfake laws by state

HB 1877: Concerning criminal offenses related to possession of sexually explicit material that depicts a child; and to include a computer generated image that is indistinguishable from the image of a child.

Interactive computer services are exempted from criminal liability for computer generated matter depicting sexually explicit conduct involving a child when such matter is generated as part of good faith adversarial testing conducted in a controlled environment with an artificial intelligence developer to prevent, detect, or mitigate risks of AI systems generating such material.

Sexual images

HB 1529: To create the criminal offense of unlawful creation or distribution of deepfake visual material; and to establish a cause of action for unlawful creation of deepfake visual material.

Sexual images, Likeness

HB 1071: To amend the frank broyles publicity rights protection act of 2016; and to provide protections for an individual whose photograph, voice, or likeness is reproduced through means of artificial intelligence and used commercially.

Likeness

SB 1111: Digital replicas.

Any person who knowingly uses another's name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness, including a digital replica, in any manner on products, merchandise, goods, or for purposes of advertising or selling without prior consent shall be liable for damages. False impersonation using a digital replica with intent to impersonate another is prohibited.

Likeness

AB 502: Elections: deceptive media in advertisements.

A person, committee, or other entity shall not knowingly distribute materially deceptive content portraying candidates, elected officials, elections officials, or voting equipment as doing or saying something they did not do or say, with malice, during specified time periods. Candidates may distribute such content if they include required disclosures.

Elections

SB 1050: False advertising: synthetic performers.

A person who creates and causes to be published an advertisement that prominently includes a synthetic performer must include a clear and conspicuous disclosure that the advertisement includes a synthetic performer. An advertising medium must not transmit, distribute, display, air, or otherwise make available an advertisement containing a synthetic performer if a court has issued an order finding a violation and the medium is served with that order.

Likeness

AB 621: Deepfake pornography.

A person who creates and intentionally discloses digitized sexually explicit material must not do so if the depicted individual did not consent or was a minor. A person who intentionally discloses such material must not do so knowing the depicted individual did not consent or was a minor. A person providing services enabling a deepfake pornography service must cease within 30 days of receiving evidence of such operation.

Sexual images

SB 25-288: Intimate Digital Depictions Criminal & Civil Actions

Persons who disclose or threaten to disclose intimate digital depictions without consent must not do so if they knew or acted with reckless disregard that the depicted individual did not consent, would experience severe emotional distress, and was identifiable. Juveniles must not disclose, possess, or exchange private intimate images or intimate digital depictions of others without consent.

Sexual images

HB 5312: An act establishing a civil action for the office of the attorney general and a private right of action for victims of unlawful dissemination of a synthetically created intimate image.

Covered platforms must establish a written process for individuals harmed or the Attorney General to request removal of synthetically created intimate images. Upon receiving a valid removal request, covered platforms must remove the image and make reasonable efforts to identify and remove copies within forty-eight hours.

Sexual images

HB 2137: Relating to artificial intelligence.

Any person must not knowingly publish a realistic digital imitation of an identifiable individual without consent if used in advertisements, causing harm, or committing fraud or defamation. Any person producing advertisements using synthetic performers with actual knowledge of materially deceptive use must conspicuously disclose the synthetic performer's presence.

Sexual images, Likeness

H 727: SEX CRIMES – Amends existing law to revise a provision regarding video voyeurism and to revise a penalty for disclosing explicit synthetic media.

A person must not use, install, or permit installation of an imaging device in a place where a person has reasonable expectation of privacy without knowledge or consent, with intent related to sexual arousal or degradation. A person must not knowingly disclose explicit synthetic media of an identifiable person without consent, knowing it would cause substantial emotional distress, or with intent to annoy, threaten, harass, or degrade.

Sexual images

HB 3178: Digital protect-use of replica

A provision in an agreement between an individual and any other person for personal or professional services is unenforceable if it allows creation and use of a digital replica of the individual's voice or likeness without reasonably specific description of intended uses, unless the individual was represented by legal counsel or a labor union that negotiated or covered digital replica uses.

Likeness

HB 2183: Modifying elements in the crimes of sexual exploitation of a child, unlawful transmission of a visual depiction of a child and breach of privacy to prohibit certain acts related to visual depictions in which the person depicted is indistinguishable from a real child, morphed from a real child's image or generated without any actual child involvement, provide an exception for cable services in the crime of breach of privacy and prohibit dissemination of certain items that appear to depict or purport to depict an identifiable person.

Persons must not sexually exploit children by employing them in sexually explicit conduct, possessing visual depictions of children in sexually explicit conduct regardless of whether an actual child was involved, or promoting such performances. Persons must not unlawfully transmit visual depictions of identifiable children aged 12-17 in states of nudity. Persons must not disseminate nude or sexually explicit images of identifiable persons without consent with intent to harass, threaten or intimidate.

Sexual images

HB 119: CRIME: Provides relative to unlawful conduct involving images of another person created by artificial intelligence (EN SEE FISC NOTE GF EX)

Any person who knowingly creates or possesses a deepfake depicting a minor engaging in sexual conduct is prohibited from doing so. Educators who commit this offense face an additional two years imprisonment. Persons under seventeen who create or transmit deepfakes of themselves may be governed by sexting provisions unless they acted to obtain value, secure advantage, or harass.

Sexual images

HB 459: ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES: Provides relative to the use of artificial intelligence in political campaigns

Persons making electioneering communications that use artificial intelligence to create, alter, or digitally manipulate portrayals of candidates or elected officials subject to recall must provide clear and understandable disclosure that the communication was created using artificial intelligence. Media entities that broadcast such communications without input or control over content are exempt from this requirement.

Elections

SB 42: CRIME/PUNISHMENT: Prohibits using artificial intelligence to create child sexual abuse materials. (8/1/26)

The act expands the definition of child sexual abuse materials to include computer-generated, electronic, or artificially intelligent images that depict a child under seventeen years old in a sexually explicit manner and are virtually indistinguishable from real depictions of children.

Sexual images

HB 639: ELECTIONS/CAMPAIGNS: Requires disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in telephone campaign communications

Elections

SB 346: SCHOOLS: Prohibits the use of deepfake material against students enrolled in K-12. (8/1/26)

Sexual images

SB 347: COLLEGES/UNIVERSITIES: Provides for the crime of "unlawful deepfake" to be added to the definition of power-based violence under the Campus Accountability and Safety Act. (gov sig)

Sexual images

SB 110: CRIME/PUNISHMENT: Prohibits using a child's image to train artificial intelligence to produce child sexual abuse materials. (8/1/26)

Sexual images

SB 141: Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes

A person may not knowingly or with reckless disregard create, use, or disseminate a deepfake to produce materially false information with intent to impede or influence a voter's decision, misrepresent facts relating to voting or elections, or induce another to sign or not sign a ballot petition. The State Administrator must communicate accurate corrective information upon receiving credible reports of election misinformation or disinformation.

Elections

SB 8: Criminal Law - Identity Fraud - Artificial Intelligence and Deepfake Representations

A person may not knowingly, willfully, and with fraudulent intent use artificial intelligence or a deepfake representation to impersonate, falsely depict, or claim to represent another person with intent to defraud, mislead, or cause harm, or to create or distribute false records intending to cause harm, obtain identifying information, or obtain a benefit, credit, good, service, or other thing of value.

Likeness

HB 4048: Criminal procedure: sentencing guidelines; guidelines for dissemination of deep fake sexual images; enact. Amends sec. 17b, ch. XVII of 1927 PA 175 (MCL 777.17b). TIE BAR WITH: HB 4047'25

Sexual images

HB 514: Criminalize use of real and digitally fabricated sexually explicit images

A person must not publish, distribute, disclose, or possess and threaten to disclose real or digitally fabricated sexually explicit images of an identifiable person without consent, with purpose to terrify, intimidate, threaten, harass, injure, or obtain money or other valuable consideration.

Sexual images

HB 513: Revise laws related to use of name, voice, and likeness of individuals and penalties for unauthorized use

A person must not distribute, transmit, or make available technology whose primary purpose is producing digital voice replicas or digital depictions of identified individuals without consent. A person must not publish or distribute such replicas or depictions with knowledge they are unauthorized. A person must not materially contribute to, direct, or facilitate such conduct with knowledge of lack of consent.

Likeness

SB 413: Criminalize disclosure of certain explicit AI-generated media

A person must not knowingly or purposely disclose explicit synthetic media depicting an identifiable person without consent if disclosure would cause substantial emotional distress, or with intent to terrify, intimidate, threaten, harass, or injure. A person must not possess and threaten to disclose such media to obtain money or valuable consideration.

Sexual images

SB 25: Revise election laws regarding disclosure requirements for the use of AI in elections

A person, corporation, committee, political party, or other entity working in an official election capacity may not distribute, disseminate, publish, broadcast, transmit, display, pay for, or sponsor production or creation of an election communication or electioneering communication that is a deepfake of a candidate or political party within 60 days of voting initiation, unless the communication includes a specified disclosure about artificial intelligence editing.

Elections

SB 300: criminalizing the creation of child intimate visual representations.

No person shall knowingly create, produce, manufacture, or direct an intimate visual representation of a child for prurient purposes when the child is identifiable from the representation itself or information displayed in connection with it. Intimate visual representations include photographs, films, videos, digital images, synthetic images, and computer-generated images depicting a child's intimate parts.

Sexual images

A 3540: Establishes criminal penalties for production or dissemination of deceptive audio or visual media, commonly known as "deepfakes."

A person must not generate, create, or cause to be created deceptive audio or visual media for an unlawful purpose without license or privilege. A person must not disclose deceptive audio or visual media known or reasonably should be known to have been created unlawfully without clearly identifying it as such.

Likeness

S 8391: Relates to the right of publicity

Any person must not use a deceased personality's name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness on products, merchandise, goods, or for advertising or selling without prior consent. Any person must not use a deceased performer's digital replica in an audiovisual work, sound recording, or live musical performance with knowledge it was unauthorized without prior consent.

Likeness

S 8420: Relates to requiring advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer

Any person engaged in the business of dealing in property or service who produces an advertisement for commercial purposes must conspicuously disclose in the advertisement that a synthetic performer is present, where the person has actual knowledge. This applies across all media except audio advertisements and language translation of human performers.

Likeness

HB 1167: AN ACT to create and enact a new section to chapter 16.1-10 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to artificial intelligence disclosure statements.

Any person taking action for a political purpose that includes images, graphics, videos, audio, text, or other digital content created in whole or in part with artificial intelligence must prominently display the disclaimer: 'This content generated by artificial intelligence.' Artificial intelligence is defined as a machine-based system capable of creating such content based on human-defined objectives or data patterns, excluding explicitly programmed rule-based systems.

Elections

HB 1364: Crimes and punishments; sexual obscenity; making certain acts unlawful; effective date.

A person must not disseminate an image of another person engaged in a sexual act or with exposed intimate parts obtained under circumstances where a reasonable person would know it was to remain private, without the depicted person's effective consent. A person must not disseminate an artificially generated sexual depiction of another person with intent or reckless disregard to harass, annoy, threaten, alarm, or cause harm, without effective consent.

Sexual images

SB 649: An Act amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in forgery and fraudulent practices, providing for the offense of digital forgery.

A person is prohibited from generating, creating, and distributing a forged digital likeness as genuine with intent to defraud or injure anyone, or with knowledge and intent to facilitate fraud or injury by anyone, if the person knows or reasonably should know the visual representation or audio recording is forged.

Likeness

HB 8060: An act relating to criminal offenses -- impersonation and identity fraud

Any person is prohibited from knowingly producing false identification documents, transferring stolen or unlawfully produced identification documents, possessing five or more identification documents with intent to use unlawfully, possessing identification documents or financial information with intent to defraud, transferring document-making implements for producing false documents, impersonating a person or entity with intent to defraud, or engaging in digital forgery.

Likeness

HB 5872: An act relating to elections -- deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media in election communications

A candidate, authorized candidate campaign committee, political action committee, political party committee, or person or entity making an independent expenditure shall not distribute deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media within ninety days of any election, unless the media includes a disclosure stating it has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence.

Elections

SB 164: prohibit the use of a deepfake to influence an election and to provide a penalty therefor.

No person may disseminate a deepfake or contract to disseminate a deepfake within ninety days of an election with intent to injure a candidate, if the person knows or reasonably should know it is a deepfake and does not include the required disclosure. Satire, parody, and certain media broadcasts and publications are exempt.

Elections

HB 1513: Election Laws - As enacted, requires political advertisements to include a disclaimer if the advertisements include deepfake elements impersonating or depicting a candidate engaging in activity or speech in which the impersonated or depicted candidate did not in fact engage; makes a violation of such disclaimer requirement a Class C misdemeanor; entitles candidate to damages and equitable relief for violations. - Amends TCA Title 2, Chapter 19.

Persons or entities distributing political advertisements containing deepfakes must include specific disclaimers. Audio deepfakes impersonating a candidate's speech must state at the beginning and end: "This communication contains fake content impersonating speech that did not occur." Video deepfakes depicting a candidate must display in large letters throughout: "This communication contains fake content depicting actions that did not occur" or "actions and speech that did not occur." These requirements apply only within 120 days of voting initiation for non-incumbent candidates.

Elections

SB 1346: Criminal Offenses - As enacted, creates a civil and criminal action for individuals who are the subject of an intimate digital depiction that is intentionally disclosed without the individual's consent under certain circumstances. - Amends TCA Title 28 and Title 39, Chapter 17.

A person must not disclose or threaten to disclose an intimate digital depiction without the depicted individual's consent, knowing or recklessly disregarding that the individual has not consented. Consent requires a written agreement in plain language signed by the depicted individual describing the depiction.

Sexual images

HB 3133: Relating to user reports of explicit deep fake material on social media platforms.

Social media platforms must provide an easily accessible complaint system for users to report explicit deep fake material. Upon receiving such a report, platforms must immediately confirm receipt, remove the reported content and identical copies, and provide a written status update within seven days. Platforms must implement measures to prevent the same material from being reposted.

Sexual images

HB 581: Relating to the creation of artificial sexual material harmful to minors.

A commercial entity that operates an Internet website with a publicly accessible tool for creating artificial sexual material harmful to minors or makes publicly available an application for creating such material must use reasonable age verification methods to verify individuals are 18 years or older, may not retain identifying information, and must ensure sources are 18 years or older with consent.

Sexual images

SB 1621: Relating to prosecution and punishment of certain criminal offenses prohibiting sexually explicit visual material involving depictions of children, computer-generated children, or other persons; creating criminal offenses; increasing criminal penalties.

Persons must not intentionally or knowingly possess or access with intent to view visual material depicting a child younger than 18 engaging in sexual conduct, or visual material depicting a computer-generated child appearing younger than 18 engaging in sexual conduct. Persons must not intentionally or knowingly promote such visual material.

Sexual images

SB 20: Relating to the creation of the criminal offense of possession, promotion, or production of certain obscene visual material appearing to depict a child.

A person commits an offense if the person knowingly possesses, accesses with intent to view, or promotes obscene visual material containing a depiction that appears to be of a child younger than 18 years of age engaging in specified activities, regardless of whether the depiction is an actual image, cartoon, animation, or artificially created.

Sexual images

SB 2373: Relating to financial exploitation or financial abuse using artificially generated media or phishing communications; providing a civil penalty; creating a criminal offense.

A person must not knowingly or intentionally disseminate artificially generated media or phishing communications for purposes of financial exploitation. Providers of interactive computer services and telecommunications services are exempt from liability for content provided by another person.

Likeness

SB 441: Relating to criminal and civil liability related to sexually explicit media and artificial intimate visual material; creating a criminal offense; increasing a criminal penalty.

Persons who produce, solicit, disclose, or promote artificial intimate visual material without effective consent and with intent to harm are liable for damages. Owners of websites and social media platforms where such material is produced or disclosed in exchange for payment are liable if they know or recklessly disregard lack of consent. Website owners must remove such material within 72 hours of request or face liability.

Sexual images

SB 256: Identity Protection Modifications

Individuals have an exclusive right to consent to use of their personal identity. Persons must not publish content using an individual's personal identity for advertising, fundraising, or solicitation without consent, or distribute technology designed to create unauthorized identity-replication content. Before filing a defamation action based on digitally created content, an individual must provide written notice to the publisher.

Likeness

HB 289: Child Sexual Abuse Material Amendments

The act creates new criminal offenses for possessing, distributing, or receiving apparent child sexual abuse material (AI-generated realistic depictions of minors) and for producing, distributing, receiving, or possessing with intent to distribute obscene child sexual abuse material. It removes artificially generated material from the definition of child sexual abuse material and amends related statutes.

Sexual images

SB 271: Unauthorized Artificial Intelligence Impersonation Amendments

A person must not distribute, sell, or license technology whose primary purpose is unauthorized creation or modification of content including an individual's personal identity for commercial purposes. A person must not use an individual's personal identity in advertising, fundraising, or solicitation without consent if the use expresses or implies endorsement or creates confusion about participation or approval.

Likeness

S 23: An act relating to the use of synthetic media in elections

A person must include a specific disclosure when publishing or distributing deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media within 90 days before an election in Vermont. Deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media appears to a reasonable person to be a realistic representation of a political candidate that injures reputation or provides materially false information to unduly influence election outcomes. Exceptions apply to radio or television broadcasting stations broadcasting as part of bona fide newscasts and to satire or parody.

Elections

HB 2124: Synthetic digital content; definition, penalty, report, effective clause.

Any person is prohibited from using synthetic digital content for the purpose of committing any criminal offense. Synthetic digital content is defined as digital audio, image, text, or video that realistically but falsely depicts an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct and is produced by systems using artificial intelligence based on foundation models.

Sexual images, Likeness

SB 1053: Synthetic digital content; definition, penalty, report, effective clause.

Any person is prohibited from using synthetic digital content for the purpose of committing any criminal offense. Synthetic digital content is defined as digital audio, image, text, or video that realistically but falsely depicts an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct and is produced by systems using artificial intelligence based on foundation models.

Likeness

SB 5105: Concerning offenses involving fabricated depictions of minors.

Persons 18 or older must not develop, duplicate, publish, print, disseminate, exchange, finance, or possess with intent to sell visual or printed matter depicting a minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct. The act expands prohibitions to include fabricated depictions created or altered by digitization, whether or not the depicted minor is identifiable, if the depiction is obscene.

Sexual images

HB 102: Protecting kids from deepfakes and exploitative images.

Interactive computer services must not use artificial intelligence systems to block, ban, remove, de-platform, demonetize, de-boost, restrict or discriminate against users based on political speech, or modify user content to censor political speech. Persons must not develop or distribute artificial intelligence systems designed to create child pornography, promote self-harm, or distribute nonconsensual synthetic sexual material.

Sexual images