Digital replicas and deepfakes laws by state

115 bills on digital replicas and deepfakes in 38 jurisdictions, 22 of them enacted in 2025 and 2026. The laws come first, with what each requires, then the bills that moved most recently.

  • 22 laws enacted in 2025 and 2026, in 18 states. Most: California (2), Connecticut (2), New York (2).
  • 115 bills in 38 jurisdictions, 9 of them in Congress. Latest action 30 September 2026.

Updated 2 November 2026LawsRecent billsBy state

Enacted in 2025 and 2026

22 laws, by state. Laws enacted before 2025 are not listed.

Arizona

  • Enacted

    SB 1295: fraudulent voice recordings

    A person must not use a computer generated voice recording, image or video of another person with the intent to defraud other persons or with the intent to harass other persons. Comedy, parody, artistic expression, criticism, or circumstances where it is clear to a reasonable listener or viewer that the recording has been digitally manipulated are not prohibited.

Arkansas

  • Enacted

    HB 1071: To amend the frank broyles publicity rights protection act of 2016; and to provide protections for an individual whose photograph, voice, or likeness is reproduced through means of artificial intelligence and used commercially.

    Amends the Frank Broyles Publicity Rights Protection Act to add that property rights granted by the act are not considered intellectual property under 47 U.S.C. § 230, and clarifies the act does not invalidate contracts where individuals transferred their name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness.

California

  • Enacted

    SB 1111: Digital replicas.

    Any person who knowingly uses another's name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness, including a digital replica, in any manner on products, merchandise, goods, or for purposes of advertising or selling without prior consent shall be liable for damages. False impersonation using a digital replica with intent to impersonate another is prohibited.

    Takes effect 1 January 2027

  • Enacted

    SB 1050: False advertising: synthetic performers.

    A person who creates and causes to be published an advertisement that prominently includes a synthetic performer must include a clear and conspicuous disclosure that the advertisement includes a synthetic performer. An advertising medium must not transmit, distribute, display, air, or otherwise make available an advertisement containing a synthetic performer if a court has issued an order finding a violation and the medium is served with that order.

    Takes effect 1 January 2027

Colorado

  • Enacted

    SB 25-288: Intimate Digital Depictions Criminal & Civil Actions

    Persons who disclose or threaten to disclose intimate digital depictions without consent must not do so if they knew or acted with reckless disregard that the depicted individual did not consent, would experience severe emotional distress, and was identifiable. Juveniles must not disclose, possess, or exchange private intimate images or intimate digital depictions of others without consent.

Connecticut

  • Enacted

    SB 483: An act establishing the crime of digital defrauding.

    A person is prohibited from creating and disseminating a visual representation or audio recording that is a digitally forged likeness with intent to cause financial injury to another person, unless the person took reasonable action to notify viewers or listeners that the content is digitally forged.

    Took effect 1 October 2026

  • Enacted

    HB 5312: An act establishing a civil action for the office of the attorney general and a private right of action for victims of unlawful dissemination of a synthetically created intimate image.

    Covered platforms must establish a written process for individuals harmed or the Attorney General to request removal of synthetically created intimate images. Upon receiving a valid removal request, covered platforms must remove the image and make reasonable efforts to identify and remove copies within forty-eight hours.

    Took effect 1 October 2026

Hawaii

  • Enacted

    HB 2137: Relating to artificial intelligence.

    Any person must not knowingly publish a realistic digital imitation of an identifiable individual without consent if used in advertisements, causing harm, or committing fraud or defamation. Any person producing advertisements using synthetic performers with actual knowledge of materially deceptive use must conspicuously disclose the synthetic performer's presence.

Illinois

  • Enacted

    HB 3178: Digital protect-use of replica

    A provision in an agreement between an individual and any other person for personal or professional services is unenforceable if it allows creation and use of a digital replica of the individual's voice or likeness without reasonably specific description of intended uses, unless the individual was represented by legal counsel or a labor union that negotiated or covered digital replica uses.

    Took effect 1 January 2026

Maryland

  • Enacted

    SB 8: Criminal Law - Identity Fraud - Artificial Intelligence and Deepfake Representations

    A person may not knowingly, willfully, and with fraudulent intent use artificial intelligence or a deepfake representation to impersonate, falsely depict, or claim to represent another person with intent to defraud, mislead, or cause harm, or to create or distribute false records intending to cause harm, obtain identifying information, or obtain a benefit, credit, good, service, or other thing of value.

    Took effect 1 October 2026

New Jersey

  • Enacted

    A 3540: Establishes criminal penalties for production or dissemination of deceptive audio or visual media, commonly known as "deepfakes."

    A person must not generate, create, or cause to be created deceptive audio or visual media for an unlawful purpose without license or privilege. A person must not disclose deceptive audio or visual media known or reasonably should be known to have been created unlawfully without clearly identifying it as such.

New York

  • Enacted

    S 8391: Relates to the right of publicity

    Any person must not use a deceased personality's name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness on products, merchandise, goods, or for advertising or selling without prior consent. Any person must not use a deceased performer's digital replica in an audiovisual work, sound recording, or live musical performance with knowledge it was unauthorized without prior consent.

  • Enacted

    S 8420: Relates to requiring advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer

    Any person engaged in the business of dealing in property or service who produces an advertisement for commercial purposes must conspicuously disclose in the advertisement that a synthetic performer is present, where the person has actual knowledge. This applies across all media except audio advertisements and language translation of human performers.

    Took effect 9 June 2026

North Dakota

  • Enacted

    HB 1386: AN ACT to amend and reenact sections 12.1-27.2-01 and 12.1-27.2-04.1 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to a prohibition on possessing certain computer-generated images; and to provide a penalty.

    A person is prohibited from knowingly possessing any motion picture, computer-generated image, photograph, or other visual representation that includes sexual conduct by a minor, knowing of its character and content. Providers of interactive computer services, internet service providers, cloud computer providers, cybersecurity providers, communication service providers, or information service or telecommunication service networks are not liable under this section.

Pennsylvania

  • Enacted

    SB 649: An Act amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in forgery and fraudulent practices, providing for the offense of digital forgery.

    A person is prohibited from generating, creating, and distributing a forged digital likeness as genuine with intent to defraud or injure anyone, or with knowledge and intent to facilitate fraud or injury by anyone, if the person knows or reasonably should know the visual representation or audio recording is forged.

    Took effect 5 September 2025

Rhode Island

  • Enacted

    HB 8060: An act relating to criminal offenses -- impersonation and identity fraud

    Any person is prohibited from knowingly producing false identification documents, transferring stolen or unlawfully produced identification documents, possessing five or more identification documents with intent to use unlawfully, possessing identification documents or financial information with intent to defraud, transferring document-making implements for producing false documents, impersonating a person or entity with intent to defraud, or engaging in digital forgery.

South Dakota

  • Enacted

    SB 41: revise a provision related to criminal invasions of privacy, prohibit the creation and distribution of digitally fabricated material of an identifiable individual, and provide penalties therefor.

    No individual may, without consent or knowledge and with intent to harm, photograph or record another without clothing, disclose such recordings, or create, disclose, or distribute digitally fabricated material depicting an identifiable individual in a state of nudity or engaging in sexual conduct.

    Took effect 1 July 2026

Tennessee

  • Enacted

    SB 1346: Criminal Offenses - As enacted, creates a civil and criminal action for individuals who are the subject of an intimate digital depiction that is intentionally disclosed without the individual's consent under certain circumstances. - Amends TCA Title 28 and Title 39, Chapter 17.

    A person must not disclose or threaten to disclose an intimate digital depiction without the depicted individual's consent, knowing or recklessly disregarding that the individual has not consented. Consent requires a written agreement in plain language signed by the depicted individual describing the depiction.

    Took effect 1 July 2025

Texas

  • Enacted

    HB 783: Relating to civil liability for online impersonation.

    A person is liable to another person injured by the person's online impersonation if the person knowingly and with intent to harm, defraud, intimidate, or threaten used the online impersonation to create a false identity. Exception: a person is not liable if the online impersonation's purpose is satire or parody.

    Took effect 1 September 2025

Utah

  • Enacted

    SB 271: Unauthorized Artificial Intelligence Impersonation Amendments

    A person must not distribute, sell, or license technology whose primary purpose is unauthorized creation or modification of content including an individual's personal identity for commercial purposes. A person must not use an individual's personal identity in advertising, fundraising, or solicitation without consent if the use expresses or implies endorsement or creates confusion about participation or approval.

    Took effect 7 May 2025

Washington

  • Enacted

    SB 5886: Concerning forged digital likenesses.

    Any person is prohibited from using or authorizing the use of a living or deceased individual's or personality's name, voice, signature, photograph, forged digital likeness, or likeness on goods, merchandise, or products in commerce, or for advertising, fund-raising, or solicitation, without written or oral express or implied consent of the rights owner.

  • Enacted

    HB 1205: Prohibiting the knowing distribution of a forged digital likeness.

    A person must not knowingly distribute a forged digital likeness of another person as a genuine visual representation or audio recording with intent to defraud, harass, threaten, or intimidate another or for any other unlawful purpose, if the person knows or reasonably should know that the forged digital likeness is not genuine.

Bills that moved most recently

The 25 open digital replicas and deepfakes bills with the latest action. The Intellectual Property Tracker follows all 115.

  • New York A 11683: Relates to audiovisual advertisements and synthetic performer disclosures and materially deceptive media disclosures in certain political communications

    What it would do: Requires disclosure that a synthetic performer is featured in audiovisual advertisements to be visible for the entire duration the synthetic performer appears. Requires materially deceptive media disclosures in video political communications to be visible for the entire duration the deceptive media is shown.

    In committee

  • California SB 1146: Advertisement claims: health-related consumer products and services: digital replicas and synthetic performers.

    What it would do: Requires advertisements depicting digital replicas or synthetic performers as health care providers promoting health-related consumer products to include clear, conspicuous disclosure that the provider was AI-generated or no human provider is depicted. Violations constitute unfair competition and false advertising violations.

    Passed chamber

  • Congress H.R. 10025: Preventing Abuse of Digital Replicas Act

    What it would do: Amends the Trademark Act of 1946 to create a rebuttable presumption of consumer confusion when a digital replica of a living person's face, voice, or likeness is used in commerce without authorization, except for expressive works, promotional materials, or First Amendment-protected speech.

    In committee

  • Congress S. 4591: NO FAKES Act of 2026

    What it would do: Creates a federal right for individuals and their heirs to authorize use of their voice and visual likeness in digital replicas, lasting up to 70 years after death. Establishes liability for unauthorized digital replicas and products designed to create them, with statutory damages of $5,000 to $750,000 per work.

    Passed committee

  • Congress S. 4695: CONSENT Act

    What it would do: Establishes a private right of action allowing recipients to sue senders who knowingly transmit unsolicited intimate visual depictions without consent, with remedies including statutory damages up to $1,000, compensatory damages, attorney fees, and injunctive relief.

    In committee

  • Ohio SB 163: Regards AI images, simulated child porn, replica identity fraud

    What it would do: Requires AI-generated images and videos to include watermarks and provenance data. Prohibits creating, distributing, or possessing simulated child sexual abuse material and artificially generated depictions of minors in sexual content. Prohibits creating or using replicas of a person's identity to commit fraud or damage reputation without consent.

    Passed chamber

  • Illinois SB 3263: AI provenance data act

    What it would do: Requires covered AI tool providers to include machine-readable provenance labels in generated images, videos, and audio, and provide free label-reading tools. Imposes requirements on large online platforms, capture device manufacturers, and licensees regarding provenance labels, with civil penalties up to $5,000 per violation.

    In committee

  • Congress H.R. 8915: NO FAKES Act of 2026

    In committee

  • New Jersey A 5088: "AI Likeness Protection Act"; concerns distributing realistic representation of individual's image, likeness, or voice created using generative artificial intelligence.

    What it would do: Prohibits publishing, distributing, or transmitting realistic AI-generated representations of an individual's image, likeness, or voice without prior authorization or consent, and allows civil actions for damages up to $1,000 per violation plus attorneys' fees.

    In committee

  • New Jersey A 5089: "AI Image Disclosure Act"; concerns disclosure of certain AI-generated content.

    What it would do: Requires covered AI providers to include visible and hidden disclosures identifying AI-generated images, videos, and audio content. Prohibits removing such disclosures and requires social media platforms with 5 million+ users to label AI-generated content using provenance data.

    In committee

  • California SB 1142: Digital Dignity Act.

    What it would do: Establishes liability for distributing digital replicas with knowledge they violate laws or terms of service, requires large online platforms with generative AI tools to provide reporting mechanisms and remove flagged content within 48 hours, and authorizes civil penalties up to $50,000 per day for violations.

    Passed committee

  • Arizona SB 1786: artificial intelligence; content verification

    What it would do: Requires covered providers of generative AI systems publicly accessible in Arizona to include provenance data in AI-created or materially altered video, image, or audio content using tamper-resistant methods, and to include information about identified individuals in that provenance data.

    Passed chamber

  • Tennessee HB 905: Consumer Protection - As introduced, changes the definition of "definable group" for purposes of the Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security Act of 2024 to include a choral group rather than a glee club. - Amends TCA Title 47, Chapter 25, Part 11.

    In committee

  • Georgia HB 1603: Georgia Entertainment Artificial Intelligence Accountability and Performer Protection Act; enact

    What it would do: Requires written consent from performers before creating or distributing digital replicas of their likeness, with contracts limited to ten years and requiring fair compensation. Prohibits products designed primarily to create digital replicas without consent and requires production companies to inventory AI systems by December 31, 2027.

    In committee

  • Massachusetts H 1615: An Act preventing an individual’s image and voice from exploitation

    What it would do: Amends Massachusetts law to allow individuals to sue for unauthorized use of their name, likeness, voice, portrait or picture for advertising or trade purposes, and establishes these rights as personal and intellectual property exclusive to the individual for 10 years after death, extendable to 70 years with demonstrated active use.

    In committee

  • Missouri SB 1324: Creates regulations of artificially generated online content using artificial intelligence

    What it would do: Requires persons creating AI-generated content for public consumption to clearly label it with the AI system name and include disclaimers, particularly for deepfakes depicting real individuals. Mandates developers and deployers maintain seven-year usage logs and establishes enforcement by the attorney general with civil penalties up to $100,000.

    Passed committee

  • New Mexico HB 212: Voice & visual likeness rights act

    What it would do: Creates exclusive property rights in individuals' voices and visual likenesses, requiring written licensing agreements for digital replicas and establishing civil liability of $5,000 to $25,000 per violation, with exceptions for news, documentaries, satire, and parody.

    Introduced

  • Alaska HB 240: An Act requiring school districts to adopt a digital harassment and nonconsensual digital impersonation policy; and providing for an effective date.

    What it would do: Requires school districts to adopt policies prohibiting digital harassment and nonconsensual digital impersonation of students. Requires the department to provide model policies and training materials on these topics, and requires districts to report incidents to the department by November 30.

    In committee

  • Louisiana HB 157: TRADEMARKS/TRADE NAMES: Establishes a cause of action for misuse of artificial intelligence

    What it would do: Amends Louisiana's identity rights law to establish a cause of action for misuse of artificial intelligence to generate audiovisual works of an individual's identity for commercial purposes without consent, effective August 1, 2026.

    In committee

  • Missouri HB 2361: Establishes provisions relating to altered sexual depictions

    What it would do: Criminalizes generating, soliciting, or promoting nonconsensual altered sexual depictions as a class C felony. Requires covered platforms to establish removal processes and remove such depictions within 48 hours of valid requests, with violations treated as unfair practices.

    Passed committee

  • Missouri HB 2862: Prohibits digital impersonation of a person and provides for injunctive relief

    What it would do: Prohibits digital impersonation, defined as AI-manipulated synthetic media of a person's likeness or voice created to deceive without consent and not constituting parody or artistic expression. Allows residents to sue for declaratory relief within two years, and for injunctive relief and damages if the impersonation depicts sexual acts or nudity and the publisher knew or negligently failed to correct it within 21 days.

    Passed committee

  • Oklahoma HB 3299: Crimes and punishments; creating and disseminating a digitization or synthetic media; making certain acts unlawful; emergency.

    What it would do: Prohibits creating and disseminating digitized or synthetic media of another person without written consent with intent to cause harm, making it a misdemeanor punishable by up to $1,000 fine or one year jail, or a felony if financial harm exceeds $25,000 or used for extortion. Requires disclosure in political advertising and attestations from content creators.

    Passed committee

  • Georgia HB 566: NO FAKES Act of 2025; enact

    What it would do: Creates civil liability for unauthorized use of individuals' voices or visual likenesses in digital replicas, establishing property rights that survive death for up to 70 years, with licensing requirements and exceptions for news, commentary, and satire.

    Passed committee

  • Georgia HB 1399: Georgia Likeness, Expression, Generative AI, and Commercial Yield (LEGACY) Act; enact

    What it would do: Creates property rights in individuals' likenesses and requires written consent for commercial use of digital replicas created by artificial intelligence or other computer systems, with private rights of action for violations including actual damages, punitive damages, and attorney's fees.

    In committee

  • Alabama HB 327: Consumer protection; production of digital replicas of voice or visual likenesses, prohibited for commercial use unless licensed, procedures established, private right of action authorized

    What it would do: Prohibits creating or distributing digital replicas of individuals' voices or likenesses for commercial use without written consent, with exceptions for news, commentary, and satire. Establishes licensing procedures, creates a 10-year postmortem right renewable for additional 5-year periods, and authorizes private lawsuits for violations.

    In committee

Digital replicas and deepfakes laws, state by state

Questions

Which states have digital replicas and deepfakes laws?

States that enacted digital replicas and deepfakes laws in 2025 and 2026: California (2), Connecticut (2), New York (2), Washington (2), Arizona (1), Arkansas (1), Colorado (1), Hawaii (1), Illinois (1), Maryland (1), New Jersey (1), North Dakota (1), Pennsylvania (1), Rhode Island (1), South Dakota (1), Tennessee (1), Texas (1) and Utah (1). Laws enacted before 2025 are not listed here.

Which states have the most digital replicas and deepfakes bills?

New Jersey (12), Congress (9), Texas (8), Missouri (7) and New York (7). In all, 115 bills in 38 jurisdictions, the latest action on 30 September 2026.

What do digital replicas and deepfakes bills cover?

AI-generated digital replicas, voice cloning, deepfakes and synthetic content that imitate real people. Each enacted law above has a line on what it requires.

Is this legal advice?

No. Which bills count as digital replicas and deepfakes bills, and the line on what each law requires or each bill would do, are drafted by software and not reviewed by an attorney. Every bill links to the legislature’s own record: read the text before relying on it. The list covers bills from the 2025 and 2026 sessions.

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