Health care laws by state

90 bills on health care in 37 jurisdictions, 15 of them enacted in 2025 and 2026. The laws come first, with what each requires, then the bills that moved most recently.

  • 15 laws enacted in 2025 and 2026, in 10 states. Most: California (3), Colorado (2), Rhode Island (2).
  • 90 bills in 37 jurisdictions, 5 of them in Congress. Latest action 22 October 2026.

Updated 2 November 2026LawsRecent billsBy state

Enacted in 2025 and 2026

15 laws, by state. Laws enacted before 2025 are not listed.

California

  • Enacted

    AB 1979: Health care services: artificial intelligence.

    A health facility, clinic, physician's office, or office of a group practice must ensure no clinical decision is based solely on a clinical decision support system's output and that a licensed health care professional retains independent professional judgment when reviewing such decisions. A business offering a health care chatbot is deemed a provider of health care subject to confidentiality requirements.

    Takes effect 1 January 2027

  • Enacted

    SB 503: Health care services: artificial intelligence.

    Developers and deployers of artificial intelligence systems used to support clinical decisionmaking or health care resource allocation must make reasonable efforts to identify and mitigate risks of biased impacts in system outputs. Deployers must regularly monitor these systems and take reasonable steps to mitigate bias. Beginning January 1, 2027, developers must report compliance efforts to the department before commercial deployment.

    Takes effect 1 January 2027

  • Enacted

    AB 489: Health care professions: deceptive terms or letters: artificial intelligence.

    Entities that develop or deploy artificial intelligence or generative artificial intelligence systems must not use terms, letters, or phrases in advertising or functionality that indicate or imply the advice, care, reports, or assessments are provided by a natural person with an appropriate health care license or certificate.

Colorado

  • Enacted

    HB 1139: Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care

  • Enacted

    HB 1195: Psychotherapy Artificial Intelligence Restrictions

Delaware

  • Enacted

    HB 191: An act to amend title 24 of the delaware code relating to medical professionals, titles, and nonhuman entities.

    Nonhuman entities, including agents powered by artificial intelligence, may not be licensed as professional nurses, advanced practice registered nurses, practical nurses, physicians, or physician assistants in Delaware. These entities may not use professional titles or abbreviations associated with these professions.

Illinois

  • Enacted

    HB 1806: Therapy resources oversight

Louisiana

  • Enacted

    HB 475: HEALTH CARE/PROVIDERS: Requires a healthcare provider to obtain a patient's consent prior to recording a medical visit

Maine

  • Enacted

    LD 2082: An Act To Regulate The Use Of Artificial Intelligence In Providing Certain Mental Health Services

    A person may not provide, advertise, or offer therapy or psychotherapy services through internet-based artificial intelligence unless provided by a licensed professional. Licensed professionals may use artificial intelligence for administrative or supplementary support only if they maintain full responsibility, obtain client consent with specific written disclosures, and prohibit artificial intelligence from making independent therapeutic decisions or directly interacting with clients.

Rhode Island

  • Enacted

    HB 7349: An act relating to behavioral healthcare, developmental disabilities and hospitals -- oversight of artificial intelligence technology in mental health care act

    Licensed professionals or providers may not use artificial intelligence designed to simulate emotional attachment or provide therapeutic communication without obtaining written informed consent from the patient or their legal representative. They must not allow AI to make independent therapeutic decisions, directly interact with clients without an established relationship, or determine treatment plans.

  • Enacted

    HB 7538: An act relating to health and safety -- use of artificial intelligence by healthcare providers notification act

    Healthcare providers and healthcare facilities that employ artificial intelligence to document in-person or telehealth visits must notify patients of the AI use for that purpose and review the AI-generated documentation for accuracy after each visit.

Tennessee

  • Enacted

    SB 1580: Health Care - As enacted, prohibits a person from developing or deploying an artificial intelligence system that advertises or represents to the public that such system is or is able to act as a qualified mental health professional. - Amends TCA Title 33; Title 47 and Title 63.

    A person who develops or deploys an artificial intelligence system shall not advertise or represent to the public that such system is or is able to act as a qualified mental health professional.

    Took effect 1 July 2026

Texas

  • Enacted

    SB 1188: Relating to electronic health record requirements; authorizing a civil penalty.

    Covered entities must maintain electronic health records of Texas residents physically in the United States, ensure access only to authorized individuals, implement safeguards, include biological sex documentation, prohibit collection of credit scores or voter registration status, and disclose use of artificial intelligence for diagnosis to patients.

    Took effect 1 September 2025

Vermont

  • Enacted

    H 816: An act relating to regulating the use of artificial intelligence in the provision of mental health services

    A corporation or entity must not provide, advertise, or offer mental health services to the public using artificial intelligence unless the services are provided by a mental health professional or are part of an approved institutional review board or privacy board study. A mental health professional may use Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant artificial intelligence tools only after reviewing and approving the services.

  • Enacted

    H 814: An act relating to neurological rights and the use of artificial intelligence technology in health and human services

    Persons must obtain written informed consent before collecting, recording, or sharing neural data from brain-computer interfaces and must not allow brain-computer interfaces to bypass conscious decision-making without specific written consent for each category of action. Health care providers using generative AI for patient communications must include disclaimers and contact instructions. Suppliers of mental health chatbots must protect user data, disclose AI use, and comply with safety and privacy requirements. Health plans using AI for utilization review must base determinations on individual clinical information and not deny services based solely on AI recommendations.

    Took effect 1 July 2026

Bills that moved most recently

The 25 open health care bills with the latest action. The AI Legislation Tracker follows all 90.

  • Puerto Rico PS 1297: Para crear la “Ley para Regular los Chatbots de Salud Mental e Inteligencia Artificial Terapéutica en Puerto Rico”, a los fines de establecer normas sobre divulgación, uso, supervisión, manejo de crisis, protección de datos y prohibiciones aplicables a sistemas automatizados relacionados con servicios de salud mental; disponer fiscalización, sanciones administrativas, reglamentación; y para otros fines relacionados.

    What it would do: Creates regulations for mental health chatbots and therapeutic AI systems in Puerto Rico, requiring clear disclosures that users interact with automated systems, establishing crisis protocols, prohibiting impersonation of licensed professionals, and protecting sensitive mental health data from commercial misuse.

    In committee

  • Pennsylvania HB 1925: An Act amending Titles 35 (Health and Safety), 40 (Insurance) and 67 (Public Welfare) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, providing for artificial intelligence in facilities, for artificial intelligence use by insurers and for artificial intelligence use by MA or CHIP managed care plans; imposing duties on the Department of Health, the Insurance Department and the Department of Human Services; and imposing penalties.

    What it would do: Requires health care facilities, insurers, and MA/CHIP managed care plans to disclose artificial intelligence use in clinical decision-making and utilization review, establish compliance policies, file annual compliance statements, and prohibits AI from superseding human clinical judgment. Imposes civil penalties up to $10,000 per knowing violation and $250,000 annually per entity.

    Passed chamber

  • Pennsylvania HB 2787: An Act amending the act of March 10, 1949 (P.L.30, No.14), known as the Public School Code of 1949, in school safety and security, providing for prohibition of artificial intelligence for school-based mental health and counseling.

    What it would do: Prohibits school entities and artificial intelligence suppliers from using AI, chatbots, or generative AI to provide mental health diagnosis, therapy, counseling, or treatment to students, or to represent AI systems as substitutes for school psychologists, counselors, or social workers.

    Passed committee

  • Congress H.R. 10210: Doctors Not AI Act of 2026

    In committee

  • Virginia SB 269: Mental health service providers; definitions, use of artificial intelligence system, civil penalty.

    What it would do: Requires mental health service providers using artificial intelligence systems in therapy or counseling to maintain full responsibility, disclose AI use to patients, obtain written consent, and prohibits AI from making independent therapeutic decisions or directly interacting with clients without provider oversight. Imposes civil penalties up to $10,000 for violations.

    Passed chamber

  • Congress H.R. 9734: Protecting Patients from Automated Denials Act

    In committee

  • Arizona HB 4080: artificial intelligence; nursing tasks; pilot

    What it would do: Establishes an artificial intelligence nursing innovation pilot program within the Department of Health Services to test AI performing nursing-adjacent tasks, with an advisory committee selecting up to five technology vendors by January 1, 2027, and reporting requirements through July 1, 2029.

    Introduced

  • Illinois SB 2993: AI-prescribing medication

    What it would do: Prohibits licensed physicians from allowing artificial intelligence to prescribe medication unless the physician maintains full control and responsibility for the prescription. Establishes civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation and grants the Department of Financial and Professional Regulation investigatory and rulemaking authority.

    In committee

  • Illinois SB 3027: No AI in health care pricing

    What it would do: Amends the Fair Patient Billing Act to define artificial intelligence by reference to the Illinois Human Rights Act and prohibits all hospitals from using artificial intelligence to set or influence health care pricing or billing.

    In committee

  • South Carolina S 788: Artificial Intelligence and Therapy or Psychotherapy

    What it would do: Prohibits unlicensed individuals from offering therapy services and restricts licensed professionals from using artificial intelligence to make independent therapeutic decisions, directly interact with clients, or generate treatment plans without review, unless patients receive written notice and consent.

    Passed chamber

  • Minnesota HF 3893: Use of artificial intelligence in psychotherapy services regulated, and civil penalties provided.

    What it would do: Prohibits unlicensed individuals from offering therapy services and restricts licensed professionals from using artificial intelligence to make independent therapeutic decisions, directly interact with clients therapeutically, or provide assessments. Permits AI for administrative support with client protections and imposes civil penalties up to $50,000 per violation.

    Passed committee

  • Missouri SB 1444: Creates provisions relating to artificial intelligence in mental health

    What it would do: Prohibits any person or entity from advertising or representing that artificial intelligence is or can act as a mental health professional or provide therapy services. Violations are unlawful practices enforceable by the attorney general with civil penalties of $10,000 for the first violation and $20,000 for subsequent violations.

    Passed committee

  • Massachusetts S 2632: An Act relative to the use of artificial intelligence and other software tools in healthcare decision-making

    What it would do: Prohibits unlicensed individuals from offering therapy services and restricts licensed therapists' use of AI to administrative and supplementary support only, requiring patient consent for AI use in recorded sessions. Requires health insurers using AI for utilization review to base decisions on individual clinical circumstances and prohibits AI from denying care based solely on medical necessity.

    Passed committee

  • Illinois HB 4804: Registered nurse use of AI

    In committee

  • Illinois HB 5003: AI-assisted therapy research

    In committee

  • Idaho H 945: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MEDICAL SERVICES – Adds to existing law to establish provisions regarding artifical intelligence medical services.

    What it would do: Establishes a licensing framework for artificial intelligence medical services in Idaho by creating the Board of Autonomous Medical Practice to regulate AI-augmented and autonomous service providers delivering clinical services, with provisional sandbox licensing, transparency requirements, and liability protections for compliant providers.

    Introduced

  • Maryland HB 883: Consumer Protection - Artificial Intelligence - Behavioral Health Care Prohibitions

    What it would do: Prohibits artificial intelligence developers from representing AI as a behavioral health care provider or offering AI designed to provide behavioral health care services. Requires AI sold to consumers to display notices that they are not communicating with humans and include protocols to detect suicidal ideation and refer users to crisis services.

    Passed chamber

  • Missouri HB 2318: Creates provisions relating to artificial intelligence in mental health

    Passed committee

  • Missouri HB 2368: Creates provisions relating to artificial intelligence in mental health

    What it would do: Prohibits any person or entity from advertising or representing that artificial intelligence is or can act as a mental health professional or provide therapy services. Violations are unlawful practices enforceable by the attorney general with civil penalties of $10,000 for first violation and $20,000 for subsequent violations.

    Passed committee

  • Tennessee HB 1866: Insurance, Health, Accident - As introduced, creates the "Regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Health Care Act." - Amends TCA Title 8, Chapter 27; Title 56 and Title 71.

    What it would do: Requires health insurance issuers using artificial intelligence for utilization review or management to have a licensed healthcare professional review and determine medical necessity before denying, delaying, or modifying healthcare services. Establishes this as an unfair claims practice with private right of action for damages and attorney fees.

    In committee

  • Louisiana HB 197: HEALTH CARE/PROVIDERS: Provides for the use of artificial intelligence by healthcare providers

    What it would do: Authorizes healthcare providers to use artificial intelligence for administrative and analytical tasks like records management and billing. Prohibits AI use for treatment decisions, direct patient communication, and therapeutic recommendations without licensed healthcare professional review and approval.

    In committee

  • Minnesota SF 4280: Use regulation of artificial intelligence in psychotherapy services

    What it would do: Prohibits artificial intelligence systems from making independent therapeutic decisions, directly interacting with clients, or generating treatment plans without licensed professional review. Permits AI for administrative support only. Establishes civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation.

    In committee

  • Kentucky HB 455: AN ACT relating to artificial intelligence and declaring an emergency.

    What it would do: Prohibits licensed mental health professionals from using artificial intelligence for supplementary support in therapy unless patients receive written notice and provide explicit consent. Prohibits unlicensed individuals from offering therapy services and establishes civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation.

    Passed chamber

  • Kentucky HB 641: AN ACT relating to mental health chatbots.

    What it would do: Regulates mental health chatbots by prohibiting suppliers from selling user data, requiring clear AI disclosures, restricting targeted advertising, and establishing an affirmative defense for suppliers who file safety policies with the Attorney General and comply with clinical best practices.

    In committee

  • Hawaii SB 2281: Relating to the use of artificial intelligence in health care.

    What it would do: Requires Hawaii health care providers using artificial intelligence systems to disclose AI use to patients, provide written notice before using AI in consequential health decisions, maintain qualified AI oversight personnel, and conduct regular performance evaluations and monitoring of AI systems.

    Passed chamber

Health care laws, state by state

Questions

Which states have health care laws?

States that enacted health care laws in 2025 and 2026: California (3), Colorado (2), Rhode Island (2), Vermont (2), Delaware (1), Illinois (1), Louisiana (1), Maine (1), Tennessee (1) and Texas (1). Laws enacted before 2025 are not listed here.

Which states have the most health care bills?

California (6), Illinois (6), Pennsylvania (6), Texas (5) and Congress (5). In all, 90 bills in 37 jurisdictions, the latest action on 22 October 2026.

What do health care bills cover?

AI in clinical care, diagnosis, nursing and therapy, mental health services, patient communications and health providers' use of AI. Each enacted law above has a line on what it requires.

Is this legal advice?

No. Which bills count as health care bills, and the line on what each law requires or each bill would do, are drafted by software and not reviewed by an attorney. Every bill links to the legislature’s own record: read the text before relying on it. The list covers bills from the 2025 and 2026 sessions.

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