PFAS in water, land and health laws by state

AB 1181: Firefighters: personal protective equipment.

By January 1, 2028, the Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board must consider modifying its firefighter personal protective equipment safety order to address National Fire Protection Association performance standards that result in use of PFAS, fluoropolymers, flame retardants, and other hazardous substances. The modified order must mandate PPE free of these hazardous substances and include a phaseout timeline of no later than 10 years.

HB 6777: An act concerning water utility systems and water quality and treatment surcharges.

Water companies must file a water quality and treatment assessment report with the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority identifying eligible projects planned for completion within five years. The Authority must approve the report and surcharge amount before the water company may impose a water quality and treatment surcharge on customer bills. Water companies must submit annual reconciliation reports by February 28 each year.

Took effect 1 July 2025

SB 72: An act to amend title 16 of the delaware code relating to public drinking water systems.

Public drinking water systems must comply with maximum contaminant levels for PFAS substances: PFOA and PFOS at 4.0 PPT, PFHxS and PFNA at 10 PPT, HFPO-DA at 10 PPT, and a Hazard Index MCL of 1 for mixtures of two or more of these substances. If the EPA establishes a lower MCL, that lower EPA standard becomes the applicable MCL.

HB 1019: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Effective July 1, 2026, all entities possessing aqueous film-forming foam must report inventories to the Department of Environmental Protection. Effective July 1, 2027, sale, purchase, or distribution of aqueous film-forming foam is prohibited and entities must submit disposal plans. Effective July 1, 2029, possession and use is prohibited statewide, with exceptions for airports, military applications, emergency firefighting, and retrofit projects. Public entities disposing of domestic wastewater biosolids with designed average daily flow of 25,000 or more gallons per day must quarterly sample and report perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the department.

Took effect 1 July 2026

HB 2955: Epa-pfas wastewater

Creates the PFAS Wastewater Citizen Protection Committee within the Environmental Protection Agency to monitor PFAS developments, recommend policies and funding sources to offset wastewater agency costs for PFAS treatment, and submit a PFAS Action Plan within one year and annual updates thereafter.

SB 277: Indiana department of environmental management.

The department of environmental management may not base decisions primarily on federal risk values not promulgated through federal rulemaking, including reference doses, reference concentrations, and inhalation unit risks. The department shall avoid using federal risk values at or below background concentrations in air, water, soil, or sediment. The department shall focus on state prioritized PFAS chemicals when PFAS chemicals are relevant to its duties.

Took effect 1 July 2026

LD 493: An Act To Expand Testing For Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances To Private Drinking Water Wells

Appropriates $122,877 for fiscal year 2025-26 and $111,561 for fiscal year 2026-27 to the Department of Health and Human Services for creating brochures on perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances testing and establishing one Environmental Specialist III position for well water testing rulemaking and outreach.

LD 582: An Act To Require Health Insurance Carriers To Provide Coverage For Blood Testing For Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Carriers offering health plans in Maine must provide coverage for blood testing for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances recommended by a provider as medically necessary. Health plans may not impose deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, or other cost-sharing for such testing. These requirements apply to policies executed, delivered, issued, continued, or renewed on or after January 1, 2026.

LD 1326: An Act To Protect The Drinking Water For Consumers Of Certain Water Systems By Establishing Maximum Contaminant Levels For Certain Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Community water systems and nontransient, noncommunity water systems must maintain maximum contaminant levels for regulated PFAS contaminants at or below those in 40 CFR Section 141.61(c)(2) as promulgated April 26, 2024. These systems must conduct PFAS monitoring, submit sample results, implement treatment or remedies for exceedances, and provide public notice identifying each PFAS type detected and total PFAS levels.

LD 1786: An Act To Require The Department Of Environmental Protection To Provide Certain Information Regarding Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances To The Public And Private Drinking Water Well Owners

The Department of Environmental Protection shall post current federal EPA standards or state maximum contaminant levels for PFAS in drinking water on its publicly accessible website. The department shall provide private drinking water well owners with PFAS standards, test results in easy-to-read format, and lists of remediation resources and financial assistance by mail and email when contamination is suspected or requested.

LD 1604: An Act To Protect Groundwater And Surface Waters From Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances From Landfill Leachate

Beginning June 1, 2026, persons licensed to discharge wastewater to groundwater or waters of the State may not discharge wastewater containing landfill leachate unless effluent satisfies department-adopted limits on perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Licensed solid waste landfills with leachate collection systems must test leachate quarterly for PFAS contamination by independent third parties and report results annually to the department.

LD 130: An Act To Establish The Pfas Response Program And To Modify The Fund To Address Pfas Contamination

The Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry shall establish and administer the PFAS Response Program to respond to PFAS contamination affecting agricultural producers. The department shall establish maximum PFAS levels in farm products in consultation with the Department of Health and Human Services, Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and may prohibit commercial sale of products exceeding those levels.

HB 925: Sewage Sludge - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances - Regulation

On or after October 1, 2027, persons may not apply sewage sludge or products containing sewage sludge to agricultural or marginal land if the total concentration of regulated PFAS equals or exceeds 50 parts per billion. Sewage sludge generators must monitor for PFOS and PFOA, complete source tracking studies, and develop mitigation plans when concentrations equal or exceed 25 parts per billion.

Took effect 1 October 2026

SB 719: Sewage Sludge - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances - Regulation

On or after October 1, 2028, persons may not apply sewage sludge or products containing sewage sludge to agricultural or marginal land if the total concentration of regulated PFAS equals or exceeds 50 parts per billion. Sewage sludge generators must complete source tracking studies and develop mitigation plans when their sewage sludge has regulated PFAS concentrations of 25 parts per billion or greater.

Took effect 1 October 2026

HB 1275: relative to the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on agriculture, exempting certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl products from use restrictions, and relative to the definition of "drinking water standard".

The land application of sludge or biosolids on land used for agricultural purposes is prohibited for 5 years from the effective date. Any person engaged in farming is immune from civil liability for damages resulting from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances present in soil, water, or agricultural products from standard agricultural practices including land application of sludge or biosolids.

S 1042: "Protecting Against Forever Chemicals Act"; establishes requirements, prohibitions, and programs for regulation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Beginning two years after enactment, no person shall sell, offer for sale, or distribute in the State cosmetics, carpets, fabric treatments, or food packaging containing intentionally added PFAS. Manufacturers of cookware containing intentionally added PFAS in handles or food-contact surfaces must label products with "This product contains PFAS" in English and Spanish.

HJM 3: Per- & polyfluoroalkyl substances report

Requests the Environmental Improvement Board and Department of Environment to report on implementation of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Protection Act, including rule efficacy and recommendations on whether product exemptions should continue, be modified, or removed, with preliminary findings due December 1, 2026 and final report by August 1, 2027.

HB 2947: Relating to a study of PFAS in biosolids applied to land; and declaring an emergency.

HB 5844: An act relating to waters and navigation -- water pollution

Applicants seeking approval to distribute or land apply biosolids must test for PFAS contaminants and submit results with their application. Operators with existing approval must test biosolids quarterly for PFAS contaminants and submit results to the department by the last day of each calendar quarter, commencing October 2025.

Took effect 1 September 2025

HB 1443: Owners of sewage treatment works; land application, marketing, or distributing of sewage sludge.

Beginning January 1, 2027, owners of sewage treatment works land applying, marketing, or distributing sewage sludge must collect monthly samples analyzed for PFAS using EPA Method 1633 or approved alternative, and provide results to the Department and persons land applying the sludge within 10 days. If PFOS or PFOA concentrations meet or exceed specified thresholds, owners must restrict land application or arrange alternative disposal.

HB 938: Publicly owned treatment works; monitoring of PFAS.

Publicly owned treatment works must require specified industrial users to self-report PFAS use and convey such information to the Department within 90 days of receipt. The Department must forward facility PFAS reports to relevant publicly owned treatment works within 30 days. Facilities must report PFAS manufacture or use within 90 days of Department direction.

SB 138: PFAS monitoring; DEQ to require for industrial wastewater source, publicly owned treatment works.

The Department of Environmental Quality must require owners or operators of specified industrial facilities and wastewater sources to perform quarterly PFAS discharge monitoring for one year if deemed potentially significant PFAS sources. Publicly owned treatment works must require their industrial users in specified categories to perform and report quarterly PFAS monitoring for one year and report results to the Department quarterly.

Took effect 1 July 2026

HB 2050: Occoquan Reservoir PFAS Reduction Program; established.

The owner or operator of facilities discharging industrial wastewater into the Occoquan Reservoir system must monitor for PFAS using EPA Method 1633 or an approved alternative beginning October 1, 2025, at least quarterly, and report results to the Department by the tenth day of the following month. Beginning July 1, 2028, PFAS discharge levels must not exceed the maximum contaminant level for PFAS in drinking water promulgated by January 1, 2025, measured on a running annual average.

Took effect 1 July 2025

SB 5033: Concerning sampling or testing of biosolids for PFAS chemicals.

Facilities generating biosolids must sample for PFAS chemicals using EPA method 1633A no more than quarterly starting no later than January 1, 2027, and ending by June 30, 2028, and provide all sampling results to the department by September 30, 2028. The department must publish guidance on PFAS sampling requirements by July 1, 2026, and submit a report with analysis and recommendations by July 1, 2029.

AB 130: Relating to: exempting certain persons from PFAS enforcement actions under the spills law. (FE)

Exempts certain persons from PFAS enforcement actions under the spills law if they grant permission for the department to remediate at state expense, including those who spread contaminated biosolids, emergency responders, waste facilities, and property owners where contamination did not originate.

AB 131: Relating to: programs and requirements to address PFAS.

Municipalities and public utilities must comply with PFAS testing, treatment, and remediation requirements. Municipalities may receive grants for PFAS testing at water systems, wastewater facilities, and contaminated sites; for disposal of PFAS-containing biosolids or leachate; and for capital costs addressing PFAS contamination. The department must establish a municipal PFAS grant program and an innocent landowner grant program for eligible persons.